In this chapter, the narrative shifts focus back to Jean Valjean, who is now attempting to establish a new life after his initial encounter with Bishop Myriel. Although he has made a commitment to live righteously, Valjean's past as a convict looms large over him, manifesting in the persistent threat of Inspector Javert.

Valjean's journey begins in the town of Digne, where he seeks to avoid the stigma of his criminal history. He tries to integrate into society, but the mark of his past creates barriers. The townspeople are wary of him, and he experiences the harsh realities of societal rejection. His efforts to lead a normal life are undermined by the ever-present fear of being discovered. This chapter vividly illustrates the social prejudice against former convicts, highlighting the challenges of reintegration into society.

The narrative captures Valjean's struggle as he tries to find employment and shelter, reflecting the broader theme of social injustice that pervades the novel. Despite his desire for redemption and a fresh start, Valjean faces ridicule and scorn from the community. Their laughter at his expense symbolizes the societal disdain for those who have fallen from grace, reinforcing the idea that one’s past can overshadow their present and future.

Inspector Javert, the relentless pursuer of law and order, represents the unforgiving nature of the justice system. He is depicted as a figure of absolute authority, driven by his belief in the rigidity of law. Javert’s obsession with Valjean stems from his rigid moral compass, which does not allow for the complexities of human nature or the possibility of redemption.

As the chapter progresses, Valjean's internal conflict intensifies. He grapples with feelings of shame and anger over his circumstances, torn between his desire for a new life and the inescapable grip of his past. The fear of being caught by Javert forces Valjean to remain in a constant state of vigilance, highlighting the psychological toll of his former life.

In a pivotal moment, Valjean’s resolve is tested when he is confronted by a group of men who mock and dehumanize him. This encounter serves to reinforce the narrative’s exploration of identity, dignity, and the societal tendency to devalue those who have made mistakes. Valjean’s reaction to their laughter is a mix of humiliation and rage, prompting him to reflect on the injustice of his situation.

Ultimately, this chapter encapsulates Valjean’s plight as he navigates the harsh realities of a society that is quick to judge and slow to forgive. It sets the stage for his ongoing struggle against both external adversities and his internal demons, as he seeks a path towards redemption while grappling with the shadows of his past. The relentless pursuit by Javert serves as a constant reminder that even the smallest misstep could lead to his downfall, making Valjean’s quest for a new life feel perilous and fraught with challenges.