In this chapter, Raskolnikov grapples with the aftermath of his heinous act—the murder of Alyona Ivanovna. The psychological and physical consequences of his crime weigh heavily upon him. He experiences intense feelings of guilt and paranoia, which manifest in both his mental state and physical health. Raskolnikov is plagued by insomnia, unable to find solace in sleep, and his once sharp intellect is clouded by confusion and fear.

As he wanders the streets of St. Petersburg, Raskolnikov is acutely aware of the eyes of strangers, convinced that they can see through his façade and discern his secret. His mind races with thoughts of the murder and its implications, leading him to question his own sanity. He becomes increasingly isolated, withdrawing from friends and family, and finds himself unable to confide in anyone about his internal turmoil.

Raskolnikov’s interactions with others are marked by tension. He encounters his friend Razumihin, who notices Raskolnikov's erratic behavior and expresses concern for his well-being. Razumihin attempts to engage him in conversation, but Raskolnikov is curt and dismissive, illustrating his deepening alienation from those who care for him. The chapter highlights the stark contrast between Raskolnikov’s internal struggles and the outward appearances he must maintain.

Moreover, Raskolnikov reflects on his philosophical beliefs, particularly the idea that he is an extraordinary man who can transgress moral boundaries for a greater good. However, the reality of his actions challenges this notion, leading him to question the validity of his rationale. He struggles with the concept of guilt, feeling undeserving of redemption or forgiveness, which further compounds his suffering.

The chapter also introduces the theme of suffering, as Raskolnikov's pain becomes a manifestation of his moral conflict. He recalls the suffering of others, particularly Sonia, whom he had met earlier in the narrative, and begins to understand that suffering might have a purpose beyond mere punishment.

As Raskolnikov continues to wrestle with his conscience, he stands at a crossroads, contemplating the possibility of confession but simultaneously fearing the repercussions of his actions. The chapter ends with Raskolnikov feeling more lost than ever, caught in a web of guilt and isolation, setting the stage for further exploration of his psychological decline and moral dilemmas in the chapters to come.