Summary of Chapter 4

In this pivotal chapter of Wuthering Heights, the narrative delves into the dynamics of the Earnshaw family following the arrival of Heathcliff, an orphan taken in by Mr. Earnshaw. Heathcliff's adoption marks a significant turning point in the household, particularly affecting the relationships among the family members.

Mr. Earnshaw, the patriarch, brings Heathcliff home from Liverpool, intending to raise him alongside his own children, Catherine and Hindley. This decision is met with mixed reactions; while Catherine quickly forms a bond with Heathcliff, Hindley is consumed by jealousy and resentment. Hindley, the older brother, perceives Heathcliff's presence as a threat to his status within the family and reacts with hostility, setting the stage for a rivalry that will echo throughout the narrative.

As Heathcliff integrates into the Earnshaw family, the stark contrast between his background and that of the Earnshaw children becomes evident. Despite being treated as a member of the family, Heathcliff faces discrimination and disdain, particularly from Hindley, who often belittles him. This treatment shapes Heathcliff's character, instilling in him a sense of bitterness and prompting him to seek acceptance and love from Mr. Earnshaw and Catherine.

Catherine's affection for Heathcliff grows, and they share a deep bond that is characterized by both love and a fierce loyalty. They spend their childhood together on the moors, exploring their surroundings and experiencing a sense of freedom and joy. However, this idyllic relationship is complicated by Hindley's abusive behavior and his attempts to assert dominance over both Heathcliff and Catherine.

The chapter highlights the theme of social class, as Heathcliff, an orphan with no social standing, becomes an outsider within the Earnshaw household. Mr. Earnshaw's favoritism towards Heathcliff exacerbates the tension between the siblings, particularly as Hindley feels increasingly marginalized.

As Mr. Earnshaw's health declines, Hindley inherits Wuthering Heights after their father's death. With this newfound power, Hindley resolves to exert control over Heathcliff, forcing him into a position of servitude. The shift in dynamics alters the relationships within the household profoundly, as Hindley takes on a more tyrannical role, further alienating Heathcliff.

The chapter concludes with a clear foreshadowing of the tumultuous relationship between Heathcliff and Hindley, setting the stage for future conflicts. Heathcliff's initial innocence and vulnerability are juxtaposed with Hindley's cruelty, illustrating how the bonds of family can be both nurturing and destructive. This complex family dynamic lays the groundwork for the emotional and psychological struggles that will unfold throughout the rest of the novel.